Research Proposal Sample Essay

Sample Research Proposal Resident: John Smith, PGY2 Research Mentor: Jane Doe, MD, Section of General Internal Medicine Date of Proposal: February 5, 2009 I. Title of Proposed Research Project Medical Students as Mediators of Change in Tobacco Use II. Specific Aims In conducting this study, we will accomplish the following specific aims: Specific Aim 1. Compare the effectiveness of the stage specific smoking cessation counseling intervention with the control intervention by evaluating the impact on the following patient outcomes at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months: a) quit rate, b) stage of change, c) desire to quit, d) motivation to quit, e) confidence in quitting (self-efficacy), and f) nicotine dependence. Hypothesis 1. Patients counseled by students initially trained in stage specific smoking cessation counseling will have higher quit rates, improve their stage of change, increase their desire to quit, be more motivated to quit, have higher confidence in quitting, and have less nicotine dependence at 12 months. Specific Aim 2. Compare the effectiveness of the stage specific smoking cessation counseling intervention with the control intervention by evaluating the impact on the following processes of care rated by patients at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months: a) satisfaction with the quality of care in general, and b) satisfaction with the quality of care related to smoking cessation counseling. Hypothesis 2. Patients counseled by students initially trained in smoking-specific behavioral counseling will have greater satisfaction with both measures of quality of care at 12 months. III. Background Tobacco is the only legally sold product known to cause death in one half of its regular users.(1) Thus, of the estimated 1.3 billion people in the world who smoke, nearly 650 million will die prematurely as a consequence.(1) In the United States, approximately 25% of men and 20% of women, or 46 million adults, smoke.(2) The financial toll of tobacco use in the U.S. is substantial. Estimated costs include $75 billon per year in medical expenditures and $80 billion from lost productivity.(3) The personal health risks of smoking are even more significant with respect to morbidity and mortality. Although the role of physicians in cessation efforts has been 1 demonstrated, many physicians fail to counsel patients. The most common reasons cited for lack of counseling include inadequate training and time pressures. Our intervention will target medical students in the early stages of training. The proposed intervention will provide a foundation for medical learners in stage specific counseling and will aid physicians in primary practice to help their patients stop smoking. The rationale for this program is that providing education early and allowing students to use these skills with patients in the community can help: 1) future physicians with confidence in smoking cessation counseling, 2) physicians in the community who may not have adequate time to counsel patients, and 3) patients whose health may be at risk from smoking. IV. Research Methods Study Design: Randomized cross-over trial consisting of two smoking cessation counseling interventions: 1) counseling intervention including patient education, written material and followup by students who have been trained in stage specific tobacco cessation techniques, and 2) counseling intervention that includes patient education, written material and follow-up by students who have been trained in non-smoking cessation techniques (exercise counseling). Setting: Community practice sites in internal medicine, family medicine and pediatrics throughout Connecticut where medial students attend weekly continuity sessions with physician preceptors. Study Subjects: 80 first-year medical students and 308-350 patients aged 16 years or older in the students’ community practice sites who are seeing the students’ physician preceptor for any reason and meet criteria of smoking one or more cigarette daily in the previous week. Randomization: Students will be randomized by the day they attend their Principles of Clinical Medicine Course and trained in stage specific tobacco cessation counseling or exercise counseling. After 6 months, students will receive training in the other behavioral counseling technique. Main Outcome Measures: patients’ quit rate, stage of change, desire to quit, motivation to quit, confidence in quitting (self-efficacy), and nicotine dependence at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Process Measures: patient satisfaction with the quality of care in general, and satisfaction with the quality of care related to smoking cessation counseling. Analyses: patient level analyses of main outcome and process measures comparing patients who received counseling from students trained in smoking cessation counseling and patients who received counseling from students trained in exercise counseling adjusting for potential confounding factors. We will use logistic regression for dichotomous outcomes and linear regression for continuous outcomes. We will use generalized estimating equations (GEE) and random effects modeling to allow us to adjust for time-dependent covariates V. Timeline of Research Project Month Activity Student randomization Train standardized patient Assess student behavioral counseling skills Train student in smoking or exercise counseling Assessment of office practice sites Train medical assistants to recruit patients Recruit patients Patient counseling in-person Patient counseling by phone Data collection Data analysis Prepare publication(s) Present research at scientific meetings 1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 2 3-4 5 6-9 10-12 13-14 VI. Literature Cited 1. World Health Organization Website: WHO tobacco Treaty set to become law, making global public health history. WHO . 2005. 1-17-2005. 2. Cigarette smoking among adults–United States, 2001. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2003; 52(40):953-956. 3. Centers for Disease Control. Targeting Tobacco Use, the Nation’s Leading Cause of Death 2004. CDC. 2005. 1-19-2005. 3

Letter to Home – History American Immigration

Mr. Iam Nobody 8 Howling Lane Hackney London E15 6PP United Kingdom Mr. Iam Nobody 8 Howling Lane Hackney London E15 6PP United Kingdom Dear Iam Nobody, Early today I arrived in Ellis Island, as you know I went via steamship which was crowded with all different kind of people from all different places. On the way there I was talking to a German man his name was Kurt even though he was German he spoke very good English I would even say he spoke better than me to a certain extent.When we finally arrived there they took us into the Baggage Room of the Main Building, winding its way up to the second floor where we were met by a team of doctors and inspectors who would decide which way the Golden Door would swing as they called it. Although many did not know it, I could see that the inspection process had already begun. Doctors Scanning the moving line for signs of illness, Public Health Service doctors looked to see if anyone wheezed, coughed, shuffled, or limped as they climbed the stee p ascent.There was another door which about 2/10 people went through I assumed that was the ‘unlucky door’ which meant people didn’t pass the health test. A few hours later I had passed my health test now and I said I would wait for Kurt to come through as he had no place to go and I was going to take him to Uncle Poe. Behold to me that was the last day I saw him; he must have failed the health test. So I carried on once I reached New York I quickly found that there was a lot of segregated area for different religions or nationality’s.When Uncle Poe picked me up he showed me to his diner where once again people segregated from each other blacks in one corner, Polish in another I thought this was madness as I thought one of the main reason why people immigrated to America was to escape discrimination. I will be working in Poe’s diner from now on and living above the diner. I’ve only been working there for a couple of days now there’s al ready been 3 fights and a multiple of hate speech’s and just down the road 2 Irish men were shot and robbed. It’s rough here so when I make enough money to move then you can immigrate over here. Sincerely, Tyler Wakefield.

Budget Essay

Budget is a summary income and expenses of a given period. It provides you a comprhensive financial overview that helps coordinate financial and oerational activities. Its an open two way communication channel. Its is also a measure of expected or desired performance. Advantages A budget is a quantitative expression of a plan of action. These are the major benefits of effective budgeting. Budgeting compels managers to think and formalizing their prsponsibilities for planning. Budgeting provides an opportunity for managers to evaluate the activities and evaluate new activities. Budgeting helps managers in communicating objectives and coordinating actions. budgeting provides benchmarks. Difficulties in implementing a budget Budgeting can be expensive and sometimes its not even close to the actual numbers. Some of the departments disagree with the budget goals. Similarly another difficulity is obtaining the accurate sales forecasts. Any sort of false information would throw the budget way off the line. So accuracy is very important while creating a budget. There are different types of budgets. Static budget predicts costs, revenues and profits at one level of output.Once it is made it doesn’t change. Where as a flexible budget is a budget that has a flexibility to for the changes in the activity. It is more sophisticated and does not change production according to the sales activity. Direct material variance the difference between the real purchase price of material and the standardised purchase price of the material is known as direct material variance. Total direct material varicance can get by multiplying the difference of the price with the actual quantity pu.rchased. It is very helpful to managers in making purchase decisions and enable them to find it favourable or unfavourable. For example, if a company buys 100,000 units of material and pays $5/ unit, compare to the standard price of the material which is $8/ unit, it is a favorable purchase. Labor Variance The differecnce between actual pay rate and the standard pay rate is known as  labor variance. The difference can be found out by multiplying the difference to the actual number of hours worked. For example if the difference is $2/ hour, and 20 hours of work was put in, the labor variance can be found out by multiplying 2 to 20( 2*20= 40) so the total variance is 40.

Ten-Year History on Merck (MRK) and Eli Lily (LLY) Essay

Ten-Year History on Merck (MRK) and Eli Lily (LLY) - Essay Example Eli Lily and Company emerged in 1876 and currently has over $20 billion in annual revenue. This report constitutes a broad ranging analysis on these companies over the last ten years and provides a recommendation of which company would be a more desirable acquisition. Qualitative, Cultural, Social There are a number of notable incidents that have occurred in the last ten years of these companies’ histories. While the 2008 economic recession is a prominent consideration that had a detrimental impact on both organizations, there are other problems that have been encountered. For Merck perhaps the most prominent such issue is the 2007 price fixing settlement the company reached, as the company had to pay over $20 million dollar out-of-court settlement with the Department of Health over oligopolistic price fixing in terms of its pharmaceutical drugs (Bowers 2005). Eli Lilly found similar legal troubles as they had to pay a reported $1.42 billion in fines levied by the United State s Justice Department for improper marketing techniques in relation to the company’s anti-psychotic drug Zyprexa. ... From this period the equity valuation went on a steady decline until its November 16th, 2004 trading price of $26.41. While the stock is dividend driven, it’s clear that during this three years period there was a substantial market correction. From the November 16th, 2004 trading price made a steady climb and three years later on November 16th, 2007 the equity had largely regained its equity valuation and was trading at $58.38 ("Financial statement," 2011). The subsequent economic recession and the company price crashed to a ten year low of $25.43 by December 28th, 2009. Since then the stock has slowly climbed and is not trading at $35.67 ("Financial statement," 2011). The clear implication is that the company has demonstrated a past top over $60.00 and that there is strong historical precedent for the current $35 trading price to continue to grow. The Merck equity financials can be compared to those of Eli Lily in an attempt to determine both companies’ financial stren gths in relation to each other as market as macro-concerns within the health care sector. In this context of understanding it’s demonstrated that both companies share slightly similar trends in terms of equity valuation. In November 16th, 2001 Eli Lilly was trading at $79.02. The company witnessed a steady decline in this market price that was topped off by the 2008 recession. By November 16th 2009 the company was trading at $35.36, greatly similar to its current market price of $37.65 ("Financial statement," 2011). While both companies are dividend driven and currently share a similar market valuation, one of the prominent concerns is that while Merck experienced significant ups and downs in valuation, Eli Lilly has demonstrated a steady

Anorexia Nervosa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Anorexia Nervosa - Essay Example The patient thinks that he/she should not eat because if he/she does, he/she would gain weight and ruin his/her looks consequentially. Methods commonly employed to lose weight include but are not limited to excessive exercise, dieting, and medication. Anorexia Nervosa means "nervous loss of appetite". This definition is not particularly good since it is based on misunderstandings. The people who suffer from Anorexia Nervosa do not at all have lack of appetite, they are only scared of putting on weight. Anorexia nervosa was first explained in 1684, though it was not determined with its own diagnosis until 1870 (Gehlin, 2008). Birth of this new health disorder generated was associated with the changes that took place in society over the centuries. Young women began to idealize extremely slim and smart women. Slimness became the measure of beauty, and to be called beautiful, a woman had to be necessarily thin. Much of the history of anorexia nervosa is shaped by the looks conscious cult ure. That is the reason why anorexia nervosa is more common today than it has ever been in the past. Another evidence for the role of culture in the spread of anorexia nervosa is that a vast majority of the victims of this disease are models from the fashion industry, which sets the trends for people to follow in general. In the contemporary age, to be thin is to be fashionable. Media advocates slimness. Various slimming techniques are employed to achieve the ideal figure, the unsuitable ones of which lead to such eating disorders as anorexia nervosa. In addition to the belief that slimness is something to take pride in, the immense reliance upon the technology in the modern age reduces the body’s need to consume food as no energy is wasted in doing things manually. Media is ingrained in the life of an individual living in the modern era. Media’s emphasis on exercise and fitness naturally inculcates an urge to become smart, and the eating habits accordingly developed i ncrease the individual’s susceptibility to acquiring anorexia nervosa. Media’s influence upon society has made anorexia nervosa an important community issue. Treating the patient of anorexia nervosa requires the community health nurse to exhibit a unique and enhanced level of health care. The community health nurse needs to be more of a counselor than a regular health care provider. In order to start the treatment, the patient needs to be made aware of the fact that he/she is ill, both physically and mentally as the patients usually deny having any disorder at all. Most patients do not opt for the treatment unless the case becomes extremely obvious and dangerously severe. Healthypeople.gov is an organization that sets up healthy objectives for our nation. Some of the objectives identified by Healthypeople.gov (n.d.) for 2020 are 1. Increasing the adolescent population that takes part in the out-of-school and extracurricular activities. 2.  

Gaddafi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Gaddafi - Essay Example Muammar Gaddafi attempted to kill the movement by applying force. He had been ruling Libya for 42 years and the people of Libya were in a desperate need of change. The brutal retaliation by Gaddafi was met with a similar disposition. The use of fire to curb a public emotion was condemned all over the world. The death of Muammar Gaddafi served as a denouement for the whole scenario and proved to be an ultimate victory for the democracy-craving people of Libya. This is probably the biggest news of the year so far and the story was promptly covered by all the media. The print media, newspapers and magazines have limited capacity to cover a news story. They need to edit the news more than the broadcast media because they have limited space on paper and they need to put the most important material and refrain from redundancy. These days, it mostly happens that a news story is covered by the broadcast media earlier than the newspapers. When newspapers were the most dominant means of news, the major headline of a news story was, apart from espying, written in a manner that meant to give people news for the first time. These days, it is done by the broadcast media as it they are quicker. The newspapers now tend to make their headlines in a similar manner but add some more information to the news story that the people already know about in the sub-headings. The aforementioned story about Gaddafi’s demise was covered by The New York Times. T he front said, â€Å"Violent End to an Era as Qaddafi Dies in Libya.† Qaddafi has been a well-known figure world-wide and the story of his death gave very less information about his past as to how he came into power. The news story focused more on the recent events that lead to his death. The rebels were hailed for their efforts to end an era of dictatorship. Their brief interviews were included. The NYT included brief interviews and views of the rebels but they were edited to a great degree. They were edited into succinct remarks. The interview of Omran Shaaban, the fighter who along with his friends claimed to be the first to have found Qaddafi hiding, was paraphrased for brevity. After briefly telling about the death of Qaddafi, the news article shifted its focus to the new political state of Libya. Qaddafi’s death had sent Libya into the hands of rebels it was a chief point of concern for the entire world. The news article presented a picture of new state of affair s and future possibilities for Libya. Then it mentioned the fact that the other rebel groups were very happy with the event and they had congratulated each other. Following the traditional â€Å"inverted pyramid† format, after mentioning the important facts, the news article then proceeded to tell the details of the death of Qaddafi. Broadcast Journalism has a capability of reporting the smallest of developments in a very prompt manner. The news of Qaddafi’s death was only a rumor in the beginning. News channels quickly reported that there were unconfirmed reports of Qaddafi’s death. They also mentioned that efforts were being made for the confirmation of the news. They had it confirmed that he had been

Emerging Tourism Markets and destinations ( chosen destination New Coursework

Emerging Tourism Markets and destinations ( chosen destination New Zeeland) - Coursework Example xi). In order to take advantage of this opportunity, the Prime Minister at the time, Helen Clark, made a documentary called New Zealand: the Royal Tour (2002).Suddenly in the spotlight, the nation had the opportunity to increase their tourism, increasing the economic benefits and placing the nation on lists of desired destinations for tourists around the world (IMDB 2013). Prime Minister Clark was able to show her own capacities in being a part of the natural world, providing for eco-tourism enthusiasts to have a unique glimpse of the beautiful and almost untouched landscapes. 2. Overview The geographical landscape of New Zealand is based on two main islands and the surrounding smaller islands in the region (The Official Website of the British Monarchy 2009). The region is a constitutional monarchy which is headed by Queen Elizabeth II, but managed by a Prime Minister who is advised as needed by the appointed Governor General who represents the Queen, but asserts authority rarely, if ever. The Constitution is the core of the governance of the Island state with the nation sitting at 5th for its use of democracy and having one of the most stable governments in the world (The Fund for Peace 2013). The climate in New Zealand can only be described in relationship to the region for which the discussion is being made. Temperatures can range from 10 degrees Celsius in the south to 16 degrees Celsius in the north. The climate is mild for the most part, but remote regions can have either very warm or very cold temperatures, extremes that are dependent upon the location (The New Zealand Encyclopaedia, 2013). The sun shines in the Auckland and Wellington regions on average 2000 hours per year. Cooler climates are found in the south with only having about 1400-1600 hours per year, with the northern parts of the region having the sunniest number of days at 2400-2500 per year (Corrigan 2012, p. 41). The OECD (2009, p. 71) developed a report on the status of New Zealand, inclu ding information on the infrastructure. According to the report, the development of roads, of stable electricity, and of communications has increased rapidly in the last decade. The appointment of a minister to focus on infrastructure has indicated recognition of the need for attention to the facilities within the nation. In addition, a problem was recognized when the 2008 worldwide economic downturn began as a lack of insurance on banking deposits caused financial difficulties as the worldwide banking structures began to fail (OECD 2009, p. 73). English is the primary language in New Zealand, but prior to colonization the Maori language was the primary language. In 1987 the Maori language was recognized as an official language (Bell, Harlow, and Starks 2006, p. 13). The Maori were the first immigrants to the land of New Zealand, travelling in canoes from Tahiti about 1500 years ago. The Maori are now only about 15% of the population with about 500,000 in the population. There are a great many tribes of the Maori, but traditional Maori life is not widely practiced and most have integrated into the post-colonial modern world (Theunissen 2003, p. 5). Like most regions of the world that were oppressed under colonialism, the Maori were discouraged from speaking their own language and to integrate in servitude positions under the British domination. Children in schools under British colonialism were punished severely for speaking

The True Place of Confucianism in Everyday Life Essay

The True Place of Confucianism in Everyday Life - Essay Example Even so, Confucianism was gradually growing, and various communities accepted it so quickly in what would later turn out as an almost complete takeover from Legalism. Prior to this though, Confucianism was temporarily faced out by Buddhism and Taoism, which turned out to be more dominant at the time. This temporal shake was so violent that, when Confucianism returned later, it had to develop using the models of the two doctrines. The Confucianism then was baptised ‘neo-Confucianism’ which comprised of Buddhism and Taoism. It is neo-Confucianism that came to later take over the society and become the foundation for imperial exams, as well as the central philosophy of the scholar-official class. So succinct yet so intensive, Confucianism acted as some constitution to the Chinese at that time. Following closely and abiding strictly by the doctrines contained within, Ruism was a major determinant in pre-1949 Chinese’s life. The first role of this system was to define the relationship between men and women. Right from creation according to Christians, the relationship between men and women was lucid; women were to revere and worked under the supervision of men. Conversely world over, women are regarded as subjects to men. Similarly, Confucianism contained the guidelines with women viewed as a lesser sex. Precisely, Confucianism contained strong dictation of women’s subordination to men, worse yet; the doctrines indicated that women are not allowed to work. For instance, women were considered as ‘yin’ and men were seen as ‘yang’. By nature, ‘yin’ was soft, tranquil and passive while ‘yang’ was by every dimension, an opposite of the latter; being regarded hard and dominating. Unfortunately, this was the basis of the present-day level of gender-related discrimination witnessed in China. Secondly, it is in Confucianism that the Chinese found their religious consolations. Apparently a range of temples were built throughout China, Beijing

The Provisions of the Trustee Act of 2000 Essay - 2

The Provisions of the Trustee Act of 2000 - Essay Example The trustee is the owner of the legal title of property and assets that are held in trust for the benefit of the beneficiaries. As spelled out by Lord Diplock in the case of Gissing v Gissing, a trustee holds the beneficial interest of claimants as cestui Que trust with such testator intention being spelled out in writing. The powers and duties of the trustees are defined in the deed of trust and they must hold regular meetings to demonstrate that they are fulfilling their duties. Trustees are obliged to act in a financially responsible manner to do their best to advance the interests of the trust and to achieve the intent of the testator.In the case of charitable trusts, grants or foundations where the class of beneficiaries is wider and where evidential uncertainties may exist, it places even more importance on the individual discretion of the trustees to invest in a manner that will serve to advance the social goals of the organization rather than be concerned with the accumulatio n of profits. On the whole, trustees have been endowed with the power to exercise their discretion in the matter of investing of the proceeds of the trust and the courts have rarely interfered with the right of the trustees to invest as they see fit. An examination into trust law and history, especially for charitable foundations, reveals the fact that it is not easy to explain why trustees have thus far refrained from investing on the basis of ethical choices.The fiduciary duty of a trustee or a person/s in the position of trustees is set out in the case of Lloyds Bank Limited v Bundy   wherein there is a special relationship between the trustee and beneficiary which places a fiduciary duty on a trustee’s shoulders to faithfully execute the testator’s will and honor his duties. A trustee will be liable for a breach of that trust. Trustees are obliged to act in an even-handed manner without any partiality or undue favoring of one beneficiary over the other, for examp le in the case of Re Smith, the courts held that a failure to act impartially constituted a breach of trust. A trustee is not only expected to exercise a duty in care, he/she is also expected to exercise a duty in cautionary investment and balance them between capital and income investments so that he/she refrains from selecting risky or speculative instruments.

The impact of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder on an individual Research Paper

The impact of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder on an individual - Research Paper Example They had however never been classified as clinically diagnosable until 1973 and identified as a preventable cause of disability. They was also addressed formally for the first time as disorders stemming from maternal consumption of alcohol. Consequences of prenatal alcohol consumption on the children born were visible but in a society where specific protocol to fight against them had not been established or the study of these disorders. These conditions continue to evolve with the nomenclature as new diagnostic methods demand to improve as well. Despite being a long lived problem that the organizations try to address, alcohol consumption amongst women of childbearing age and those that are pregnant persists and the risk of FASDs has not reduced (Streissguth, A.P 1997.) Whilst FASDs are a preventable cause of defects and lowered quality of life among the people affected and the society by behavior change and rehabilitation by alcohol consuming mothers. Definition Fetal alcohol spectru m disorders FASD refer to a group of conditions acquired by people born of mothers who drank alcohol during their pregnancy period and the effects of the alcohol on those in are prevalent afterwards. These defects acquired from birth are permanent and consist of a number of conditions such as the Fetal alcohol syndrome FAS, partial Fetal alcohol syndrome disorder pFASDs. Alcohol related birth defects ARBD, fetal alcohol defects FAE and alcohol related neurodevelopment disorder ANDD. Diagnosis of FASD. Diagnostic approaches of the FASD are characterized by approaches of the features relating to the kind of defect in question. It involves screening by use of imaging techniques such single photon emission computed tomography SPECT among others of technology to detect developments of FASDs and address them early. The physical examination where the individual affected is made for structural features associated with FASDs as well as intellectual quotient tests. This is the neurological ef fects of alcohol in the fetus are active in slowing brain activity Neurological effects relating to alcohol could extend to slow learning from slowed brain activity and could lower the IQ of the affected person to the third quartile. The maternal history of alcohol consumption is relevant to confirm the signs and the intensity of the defects. During diagnosis follow up is important to ensure consistency in the treatment. Features of FASDs. The features include characteristic abnormalities of the facial structure which could be short palpebral features, a smooth philtrum and thin vermillion border. Other symptoms include abnormalities in growth in both the prenatal and postnatal periods of the child’s development. FASDs are also characterized by defects of the central nervous system CNS which portray in structure or behavior and could be neurological or a combination of them all. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders are also evident by retardation in growth where the height of the affected individual and or his weight is not greater than the

Describe how you would teach rounding with mixed decimals to the Essay

Describe how you would teach rounding with mixed decimals to the nearest tenth - Essay Example I will require briefly revisiting rounding up of whole numbers and placing values. Teaching how to round up decimals will be easy if the students are well conversant with the two concepts. Students should know what they are to do and where they are required to apply the round up by first knowing about the place value of tenths. First, rounding up is done right off the decimal point. After that, students should know that the number that is to be rounded is the one that is to the left of the decimal points. It is of importance to take the students through various place values that come after the decimal point such as tenth, hundredth, thousandth and so forth. Rounding decimal numbers take a similar route to that of whole numbers (Wingard, 2005). Round up 3.174 to the nearest tenth. The student is required to identify the number whose place value is tenths. The number is 1. The next step is to look at the number right after 1 which is in the place value of hundredths (Wingard, 2005). The number is 5. If the digit at the hundredth place value is below five, then the value of the tenth to not change. If the digit at the hundredth place value is five or above five, one is added to the number at the tenth place value. In our case, five is in the hundredth place value hence we add one to 1. Therefore, we will have 3.2 as our answer. I will further provide my students with worksheets that have the concept well illustrated for references. In addition, I will give two sums on the same topic that will be solved in five minutes, and I will go round checking to ensure that none of my students is left behind. When students are learning the concept of rounding mixed decimals to the nearest tenth, they often develop some errors. Such include rounding a whole number instead of the number after the decimal point (Wingard, 2005). In addition, some students

Do Societies Choose to Fail or Survive Essay Example for Free

Do Societies Choose to Fail or Survive Essay The society is a very important aspect on the life of any human. The very definition of the term society which is entwined on the aspect of relationships of a group of people, who depend on each other in either way make it to be of utmost importance. When viewed in broader terms, the society depicts people in a certain region and most certainly has common bonds such as culture, language or any other factors that brings them together. It is therefore common knowledge to note that although the society has the gist of prospering, other societies have fallen and the question that arises is whether a society chooses to fail or survive. Various arguments have been put across with some of the hardliners taking passionate stands on what they believe in with regard to the prosperity or failure of a society (Diamond, 2005). One of the authors who has been vocal in examining the survival of societies Jareed Diamond, probes why some of the societies in the past were able to survive and why some feel out rightly. The author bases his research mainly on concentrating on the past right to the modern world. In his award winning book titled Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Survive, the author in the prologue states that the book â€Å"employs the comparative method to understand societal collapses to which environmental problems contribute†. The author in writing this book tends to offer a historical context of societies that have on the â€Å"collapse or survival† of the society. The author thus seems to argue that â€Å"input† variables have significant effect on the â€Å"output† (Diamond, 2005). The author highlights some of the factors that have in the past been culprits in collapse of societies. Some of them are overfishing, overpopulation, deforestation and others. He also goes further to include factors that may in the future aid in the survival or collapse of societies. The author uses the Anasazi collapse to put forward his arguments on why societies fail at sometimes. The Anasazi who are a Native American society are used by the author to clearly illustrate the link between population growth and environmental damage directly to the collapse of the Anasazi. The author as he tries to highlight is that the warfare that took place was not a significant contributor to the failure of this society (Diamond, 2005). Another incisive and highly critical book of how society thrives is the book Questioning Collapse: Human Resilience, Ecological Vulnerability and the Aftermath of Empire. The book which has an impressive number of 15 scholarly scientists, provide an incisive look at this issue with each of the personalities contributing significantly. The authors of this book borrow appraise Diamonds work and use his â€Å"provoking inquiries† to give their valuable insights into this issue (Norman and McAnamy, 2010). Another highly critical and analytical book Marketing Conquest and the Vanishing Indian: an Indigenous Response to Jared Diamond’s Archaeology of the American Southwest, the book tries to respond to Diamond’s work. The essay seems to suggest that Diamond’s are some of the most important aspects with regards to conquest. In Diamonds books, he seems to suggest that â€Å"colonialization and conquest† were what he refers to as ‘accident’ and that modern collapses of various societies can be avoided by studying the root causes of these earlier conflicts. This essay is a direct response to Diamonds assumptions and it mainly questions the authenticity of his assumptions and comes to the conclusion that diamonds are actually an important aspect of conquest. References: Diamond, J (2005). â€Å"Prologue. † Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Survive. New York: Penguin . â€Å"The Ancient Ones: The Anasazi and Their Neighbors. † Chapter 4 of Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed. New York: Penguin, 2005. McAnamy, P. A. and Norman Y (2010). Questioning Collapse: Human Resilience, Ecological Vulnerability and the Aftermath of Empire. New York: Cambridge UP, 1-20 Wilcox, M. â€Å"Marketing Conquest and the Vanishing Indian: An Indigenous Response to Jared Diamond’s Archaeology of the American Southwest. † Eds.

Knowledge Dilemma and Strategies for Knowledge Management

Knowledge Dilemma and Strategies for Knowledge Management Introduction Information being exchanged amongst the workers of an organisation is a system that has been an essential constituent of the procedure of knowledge management. With the introduction of the contemporary information and communications technology within corporations, it has become very convenient and has also become a valuable support function to make such exchanges possible by reducing the obstructions of time and distance. On the other hand, those corporations that have invested in technologies of this kind are frequently faced with the complications of inducing the workers to utilise the purpose of those technologies in order to communicate their knowledge and perceptions. The knowledge share/hoard predicament is a socio-psychological behaviour aspect that describes that employees feel the need to not share information or organisational knowledge that they posses because it may eventually harm their own status within the organisation or by sharing knowledge may therefore provide a co mpetitive advantage to their colleagues, over them. This has been elucidated further in Sabrautzki 2010 that since organisational knowledge is a collective resource employees may make use of it without actually contributing towards developing or increasing it. However, sharing or hoarding knowledge does have their own results which may be in a positive or a negative manner. Individuals usually hoard knowledge when they feel that sharing that knowledge would eventually result in a decrease of their power or status within the corporation because of the very fact that they have shared their distinctive wisdom with the rest of the workforce. While assessing the various forms of beneficial public problems, there have been certain suggestions of particular interventions that may be implemented by corporations in order to facilitate the organization to promote the required social dynamics which would eventually boost the all-encompassing concept of sharing knowledge and information within the corporation and its employees. Such interventions may assume various forms such as interventions that lead to restructuring or even increasing the recompenses for making a contribution towards increasing organisational knowledge or interventions that aim for augmenting effectiveness within the employees by means of sharing knowledge. Various substantial corporations have started to or have taken into consideration the aspect of implementing an organisation-specific and effective knowledge management system which would help the organisation and its employees share knowledge with efficacy. Most of such corporations aim at engaging in particular knowledge management initiatives because of the objective of attaining a competitive advantage over rival firms, enhancing marketing efficiency, intensifying focus on the consumer as well as increasing modernization within their product lines, as described further in Paton McCalman, 2008 that for a corporation, to develop a learning mindset amongst its employees, it is necessary to develop an attitude that works on the information pull element rather than a culture that encourages the information push attitude. A very significant element of the information pull culture has been the fact that it concentrates mainly on the softer aspects of management, therefore many corporations are often not very successful with the information pull attitude and as a result are not able to accomplish the complete benefits of a bottom-up knowledge delivery structure. Knowledge management consists of such executive practices carried out by a corporation for the purpose of generating, collecting, distributing and making use of organizational knowledge. There has been an increasing certainty amongst corporate leaders, experts and researchers that sharing knowledge within the organisation would be an important strategic resource. This is because organisational knowledge is regarded as a nonmaterial asset that is distinctive, reliant on direction, causally indefinite and is also difficult to replicate or replace in any way, therefore such attributes cause knowledge to be a possible reason for competitive advantage for an employee, hence the reason why hoarding it becomes a possible course of action for most employees, as subsequently the person in possession of it becomes a plausible target for attention from company management. Impact upon Knowledge Exchange and Trust within the Workplace The knowledge hoarding dilemma has made organisations move towards more effective alternatives which would assist the corporation in managing its knowledge in a better way. The current advancements in information and telecommunications technology have greatly assisted organisations in successfully sharing organisational knowledge among the employees. With the development and extensive implementation of global networking and telecommunication procedure, the usage of the intranet knowledge portals within organisations have made it achievable as well as cost-effectively practicable to share knowledge in order to integrate workforce, specifically within substantial and extensively disseminated corporations and also permitting such organisations to easily exchange records and reports and practically any form of multimedia records from one location to another. In Schwartz 2006 it has been explained further that within an organisation, the socio-technical attitude regards sharing of knowled ge to be a completely organised procedure that requires support from top-down involvement from the management as well as bottom-up employee and expert interventions. This sharing and exchange of information amongst the workforce encompasses an important constituent that is essential for the formation and management of combined knowledge and subsequently causes the availability of such implements that sustain such exchanges, while this in turn also immensely makes possible the execution of effective knowledge management systems within a corporation. On the other hand, various corporations frequently experience several issues within their operations and functionalities that ultimately put at risk the probable benefits of investing in modern automated systems for organisational knowledge management. Such as the element that workers may hoard the information that they possess from their fellow workers simply because of their inadequate awareness of the advantages sharing knowledge with other workers. Goodman 2007 describes this aspect further that when various groups within an organisation operate collectively, as a result they naturally develop a cu lture that encourages the sharing of knowledge, whereas global and interconnected groups function jointly in order to accomplish shared targets, thereby driving group effort amongst the assorted departments of sizeable corporations. Employees might also face other difficulties because of problems with being able to incorporate such activities in the course of their daily work owing to lack of time or the lack of abilities or the expertise to use information systems that support knowledge management. Whereas certain workers may perhaps not be able to understand the personal gain that they would obtain from exchanging organisational knowledge partially because of the fact that they receive inadequate encouragement from the management of the corporation for utilising new initiatives to the companys existing operational set up. Knowledge symbolises a source of supremacy and dominance for most employees in a corporation. It is this knowledge that is exchanged or shared amongst consumers and suppliers with reciprocation, good reputation and selflessness that in turn also operate as mechanisms of compensation. Trust, on the other hand, is a necessary requirement for trouble-free execution of such activities within the market. This conviction therefore exists on an individual stage and is possible by means of strong corporate working associations that may exist among co-workers, within work groups and even within various organizational levels. However various employees believe that by sharing significant organisational knowledge with the other co-workers, he or she becomes exposed to the hazard of decreasing ones worthiness within the corporation thereby raising the probability that he or she is not indispensable requisite for the organisation any longer. In Torrey Datta 2002 ithas been described that trust among employees comes when knowledge is understood and accepted through inner and outer cultural filters as well as by managing situational problems through via socially acceptable behaviour. When a corporation focuses on understanding the management of knowledge across various cultures, then this practice would in turn assist knowledge sharing as well as originality and creativity, thereby evening out the course that leads to further learning and knowledge exchanges taking places across cultural limitations. As a result differences in social culture are what an organisation must focus on when dealing with and achieving effective knowledge sharing and exchange. Furthermore employees also feel that it is most essential for them to be known as a specialist or an expert within their organisation, hence their reluctance to share knowledge with other co-workers. They believe that if a worker does not have the repute for proficiency then that knowledge or expertise would not be able to symbolise their power or dominance over their colleagues. When employees hesitate in sharing their knowledge it might also be because of the uncertainty that other co-workers may accept acknowledgment for the source of that information, and consequently assert acclaim for it. Such attitudes that cause hoarding of knowledge will eventually be detrimental for an organisation because not releasing important organisational knowledge might hinder the operational procedures of a corporation. Hislop 2009 states that the element of trust is the actual reason why employees hesitate to share information with their peers. Even when an individual does actually trust another an d shares knowledge, the aspect of uncertainty still remains as to where and how would that infomration be used by that person. When organisational knowledge becomes the only means of attaining a competitive advantage over other employees, then hoarding knowledge becomes prevalent within that corporation, ultimately also increasing the level of mistrust and feelings of jealousy and envy amongst employees. Organisational culture and ethics might also be compromised and would also cause a negative environment to develop within the workplace. However, it is essential for organisations and their employees to understand that sharing information with a colleague will most likely result in receiving beneficial knowledge in return, while it might even result in increasing ones own knowledge as well. Thus by the establishment of an educational framework within an organisation that promotes as well as remunerates the practice of knowledge sharing and prevents and reprimands the practice of hoarding important organisational knowledge for individual gain or gratification, would consequently ensure that the organisation h as been successful in carrying out its knowledge management practices. Stegmeier 2008, pg. 59, has explained this in the following words that various corporations enhance and develop advanced knowledge management systems that assist in classifying data according to competitive pricing analyses, market researches as well as according to technical information. The main purpose of conducting such tasks is to accumulate and store for easy accessibility, quick retrieval and to manage the intelligence of the corporation for its subsequent benefit. It is essential for an organisation to create a corporate philosophy that attaches importance to innovation and vision, incessant improvement as well as interaction and communication of thoughts and wisdom, as it is the presence of such organisational culture which would ensure that the knowledge management initiatives being employed do become successful in the end. When a corporation wants to manage its knowledge assets in an effectual manner it must also possess a workforce that is enthused enough to delve into new market prospects, is able to adapt to and implement new operational processes and new products as well as are keen on employing new methods to their work systems and operational structures. de Man de Man 2008 has described this further by saying that with the presence of trust amongst staff members diminishes the propensity of protecting and hoarding knowledge because this then provides the assurance that the other employee will not try to exploit the ingenuousness. The refore, corporations must adopt procedures that consist of reciprocal faith; companionship and respect which would therefore decrease protection of knowledge. Conclusion Organisations must also establish such work structures that are variable enough to allow ground-breaking and inventive modifications within corporate procedures, occupational descriptions that permit workers a rational degree of working independence, while they must also establish corporate procedures that make it possible for knowledge and information to be shared among employees in a timely and effective manner. Not only will such procedures ensure effective knowledge management, it will also eliminate any form of distrust amongst employees, in fact employees will also learn to rely on their co-workers and managers for receiving and sharing knowledge without the fear of not receiving credit for the knowledge being shared. Thus sharing and exchange of ideas within a corporation is one of the most essential procedures through which an organisation is able to achieve the practice of collecting knowledge without which an organisation would not be able to attain core knowledge that in t urn formulates its core competencies.

Essential Anatomy And Physiology Physical Education Essay

Essential Anatomy And Physiology Physical Education Essay Homeostasis refers to the bodys ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even while continually subjected to external changes. Body temperature, blood volume and heart rate are just a few examples of the hundreds of conditions the body regulates to maintain homeostatic balance. This internal equilibrium is so important that virtually every disease or disorder in the body can be traced to a homeostatic imbalance. The maintenance of homeostasis includes: Control of the water balance of the blood Control of blood sugar level Control of body temperature Control of blood urea level Each of the internal factors are maintained by a separate mechanism that is specific for that factor. However, all the mechanisms for homeostasis share common features: A specific sensor is able to detect the value of the factor being monitored Any deviation from the desired value (norm)is corrected so that the norm is more or less maintained The corrective mechanism involves negative feedback. For the body cells to survive and function properly, the composition and temperature of the fluids around the cells (intestinal fluid) must remain much the same. Corrective mechanism Rise above norm Norm Norm Corrective mechanism Fall below norm Various organ systems of the body act to maintain homeostasis through a combination of hormonal and nervous mechanisms. In everyday life, the body must regulate respiratory gases, protect itself against agents of disease (pathogens), maintain fluid and salt balance regulate energy and nutrient supply, and maintain a constant body temperature. All these must be coordinated and appropriate responses made to incoming stimuli. In addition, the body must be able to repair itself when injured and be capable of reproducing (leaving offspring). The human body must maintain homeostasis in order to function properly and aid in growth and development, disruptions to homeostatic functions can have triggered effects on the growth and development. Normal blood temperatureRegulation of body temperature by Homeostasis: Cold receptors in skin Warm receptors in skin Decrease increase Hypothalamus Heat gain Heat loss Vasodilation of superficial arterioles onset of sweating hair lowered as hair erector muscles relax and decreased metabolic rate. Vasoconstriction of superficial arterioles onset of shivering hair raised by contraction of hair erector muscles and increased metabolic rate. Feedback Feedback Negative feedback in the control of body temperature: Skin vasodilation sweating lowering hairs Heat loss centre in the hypothalamus Thermoreceptors in the hypothalamus Rise in blood temp Nerve impulse Nerve Impulse normal blood temp Blood at original temperature turns off corrective mechanisms Positive feedback occurs when the feedback causes the corrective measures to remain turned on, this causes the system to deviate more from the norm. One example is of neurones when a stimulus causes a small influx of sodium ions. Positive feedback occurs when there is a breakdown of control systems. In Certain diseases like typhoid fever, breakdown of temperature regulation resulting in a rise in body temperature leading to hypothermia, and vice versa if the body gets too cold (hypothermia). The human body systems, all play a part in maintaining homeostasis; they all have their own specific roles and parts. The human body systems work together in order to function effectively, no system would be able to work effectively on its own. Organ system Homeostatic function Cardiovascular Transports oxygen, nutrients and hormones secreted by the endocrine glands to tissue cells and transports wastes away from cells; defends against disease; helps control temperature, fluid, and pH balance. digestive Absorbs soluble nutrients after ingesting food and digesting it, eliminates nondigestible remains.   Supplies blood with nutrients and water for tissue cells. respiratory Captures oxygen and exchanges gasses at lungs and tissues, maintains breathing, helps control pH balance.   Supplies blood with oxygen for tissue cells and rids blood of carbon dioxide.   Helps regulate the acid-base balance of the blood. Skeletal Protects the body and provides support for locomotion and movement, stores minerals, produces blood cells. endocrine Coordinates and integrates the activities of other systems by secreting hormones, responding to stress, regulating fluid, pH balance and metabolism.   Works more slowly, with longer-lasting effects than the nervous system. muscular Produces body and internal movement, maintains posture, and produces heat that maintains body temperature.   Protects and supports internal organs. urinary Removes nitrogenous and other metabolic wastes from the bloodstream by excretion, helps control fluid balance, as well as the water-salt, and acid-base balance of the blood. nervous Receives sensory input, integrates and stores input, directs the body, and helps coordinate the activities of all the other organ systems.   It responds quickly to internal and external stimuli. The circulatory system is built up the heart, blood and blood vessels, which services all the cells in the body. Wastes are taken away and exchanged with oxygen and food nutrients. All cells in the body require oxygen and nutrients and they need theyre wastes removed. These are the main roles of the circulatory system. The heart, blood and blood vessels work together to service the cells of the body. Using the network of arteries, veins and capillaries, blood carries carbon dioxide to the lungs (for exhalation) and picks up oxygen. From the small intestine, the blood gathers food nutrients and delivers them to every cell. Components of the cardiovascular system Heart Blood vessels Blood Heart is a muscular pumping organ located in the medial to the lungs. The top of the heart, known as the hearts base, connects to the great blood vessels of the body; the aorta, vena cava, pulmonary trunk, and pulmonary veins. Blood vessels are the highways that allow blood flow quickly and efficiently from the heart to regions of the body. Three types of blood vessels, arteries and arterioles, capillaries, and veins and venules. Blood as a connective tissue, transports many substances through the body and helps maintain homeostasis of nutrients, wastes, and gases. Blood is made up of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and liquid plasma. All of the organ systems in the body contribute to homeostasis, but the cardiovascular system, the heart and blood vessels is especially important. Without the cardiovascular system none of the other systems can function. The muscular system requires large amounts of oxygen from the cardiovascular system. Muscles cramp and freeze up when they do not get adequate oxygen supply. If in the case the cardiovascular system cannot pump enough oxygen rich blood to the muscles the body is unable to move. The cardiovascular system also helps in maintaining blood volume; it works in conjunction with the kidneys to maintain blood volume and composition. The cardiovascular system provides the blood pressure that the kidneys use to filter waste out of the body. The cardiovascular system and the skin help maintain homeostasis by regulating body temperature. When the body over heats, the blood vessels that serve the skin dilate. The cardiovascular system rushes warm blood to the superficial capillar ies of the skin. Heat from the blood radiates off of the skins surface, cooling the body. When body temperature drops too low, skin capillaries constrict. This prevents warm blood from reaching the surface of the skin. The heart pumps extra blood to the deeper vital organs. Nasal passage Air entering from the nostrils is led to the nasal passages. The nasal cavity that is located behind the nose comprises the nasal passages that form an important part of the respiratory system in human beings. The nasal cavity is responsible for conditioning the air that is received by the nose. The process of conditioning involves warming or cooling the air received by the nose, removing dust particles from it and also moistening it, before it enters the pharynx Pharynx It is located behind the nasal cavity and above the larynx. It is also a part of the digestive system of the human body. Food as well as air passes through the pharynx Larynx Consists of two pairs of membranes. Air causes the vocal cords to vibrate, thus producing sound. The larynx is situated in the neck of mammals and plays a vital role in the protection of the trachea. Trachea Airway through which respiratory air travels bronchi The trachea divided into two main bronchi. The bronchi extend into the lungs spreading in a tree-like manner as bronchial tubes. The bronchial tubes subdivide and with each subdivision, their walls get thinner. This dividing of the bronchi into thin-walled tubes results in the formation of bronchioles. The bronchioles terminate in small air chambers, each of which contains cavities known as alveoli. Alveoli have thin walls, which form the respiratory surface. The exchange of gases between the blood and the air takes place through these walls. lungs Lungs form the most vital component of the human respiratory system. They are located on the two sides of the heart. They are responsible for transporting oxygen from the atmosphere into blood and releasing carbon dioxide from blood to the atmosphere. The respiratory system is made up of the nasal passage, the pharynx, larynx, the trachea, bronchi and lungs. It is responsible for the process of respiration that is vital to the survival of living beings. Respiration is the process of obtaining and using oxygen, while eliminating carbon dioxide. Breathing occurs when air passes into and out of the lungs; its an involuntary process but can be controlled consciously. Breathing involves the movement of air in and out of the lungs in generated by differences in pressure inside and outside the body. The most important muscle used in breathing is the diaphragm, a muscular sheet between the base and the abdominal cavity. The diaphragm is assisted by the internal and external intercostal (which lie between the ribs) and by the neck and abdominal muscles. A person normally breathes in and out about 500ml (1pt) of air 12-17 times a minute. Breathing involves inhalation followed by exhalation, during inhalation the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract to expand the chest cavity. During forceful inhalation the neck muscles also contract. However during exhalation the chest cavity decreases, and the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax. In order to function, the body cells need oxygen. The respiratory system, w hich consists of air passages, pulmonary vessels, and the lungs, as well as breathing muscles, supplies fresh oxygen to the blood for distribution to the rest of the body tissues. In addition, respiration removes carbon dioxide, a waste product of body processes. Alveoli which are tiny air sacs of the lungs, they are elastic, thin-walled structures that are supplied with air by respiratory bronchioles. Tiny blood capillaries surrounding the alveolar walls allow oxygen to be carried into the bloodstream. In exchange, carbon dioxide diffuses from blood into the alveoli, from where it is exhaled. Gas exchange takes place in the lungs, where carbon dioxide from the blood passes into the alveoli through the respiratory membrane, a thin barrier that has several layers. Oxygen crosses the membrane in the opposite direction, from the alveoli to the blood capillaries. Homeostasis is hence maintained by the respiratory system in two of the following ways: gas exchange and regulation of blood pH. Gas exchange is performed by the lungs by eliminating carbon dioxide, a waste product given off by cellular respiration. As carbon dioxide exits the body, oxygen needed for cellular respiration enters the body through the lungs. ATP, produced by cellular respiration, provides the energy for the body to perform many functions, including nerve conduction and muscle contraction. Lack of oxygen affects brain function, sense of judgment, and a host of other problems. The bodys complex anatomical systems work closely together to support movement, blood circulation, digestion and other basic requirements of life. The muscular system consists of three types of muscle, each with a separate function. The functions of the muscular and skeletal systems are so intricately interconnected that they are often referred to by the single term, the musculoskeletal system. This system consists of bones, joints, tendons, ligaments, skeletal muscles, nerves, cartilage and the voluntary or striated muscles. They work together to protect the brain and internal organs, posture, blood cell formation, and fat storage. Smooth muscles make up important internal organs, like the bladder, arteries and veins. They interact with the digestive system, reproductive system and circulatory system. Smooth muscles control and regulate blood pressure and blood flow. The cardiac muscle is the heart itself, an involuntary muscle that interacts with the circulatory system to supply ox ygen to all the tissues of the body. Skeletal muscles are under voluntary control, meaning we can choose to move them. Movement of smooth muscles and the cardiac muscle is involuntary, under control of the autonomic nervous system. The muscular system also plays an essential role in homeostasis, which is the regulation of internal body temperature. Homeostasis is maintained by the hormones that increase osteoblast activity to build bone, called calcitonin which is released by the thyroid gland, and the release of parathyroid hormone which increases osteoclast activity and is released by the parathyroid glands. As long as both of these function normally, the bone mass stays the same, this is a homeostatic state of bone. If it goes out of balance you will either build too much bone or loose bone mass and develop osteoporosis. The nervous system is the bodys decision and communication centre.  The central nervous system (CNS) is made of the brain and the spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is made of nerves. Together they control every part of a persons daily life, from breathing and blinking to helping people to memorize facts for a test. Nerves reach from the brain to the face, ears, eyes, nose, and spinal cord, and from the spinal cord to the rest of your body. Sensory nerves gather information from the environment; send that info to the spinal cord, which then speed the message to the brain. The brain then makes sense of that message and fires off a response. Motor neurons deliver the instructions from the brain to the rest of your body. The spinal cord, made of a bundle of nerves running up and down the spine, is similar to a superhighway, speeding messages to and from the brain at every second. The CNS controls homeostasis as well as depends on it. The CNS controls homeostasis by us ing its receptors to sense changes in the bodys internal environment. E.g., certain receptors in the aorta monitor carbon dioxide and  oxygen  concentration in the blood. This information is relayed to the brain (most functions are controlled by the hypothalamus), and again through the CNS, the effector organs are signalled. Eg To increase or decrease the rate of breathing in response to carbon dioxide/oxygen concentration. The CNS comprises of nerve cells that depend on a very stable internal environment, especially in terms of sodium and potassium concentrations, without which it cannot function properly. Book References Author date title origin Publisher Oxford college CC unit 2 material Saffery and Stewart (eds) 2008, Maintaining the whole: human biology and health book3, The open university Web References Author Title of article or page online Web address Date accessed Kevin Berman, MD, PhD, Atlanta Center for Dermatologic Disease, Atlanta, GA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by A.D.A.M. Health Solutions, Ebix, Inc., Editorial Team: David Zieve, MD, MHA, David R. Eltz, Stephanie Slon, and Nissi Wang. Circulatory system Image http://www.upmc.com/health-library/pages/adam.aspx?gencontentid=8747productid=1projectid=2returnurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.upmc.com%2Fhealth-library%2Fpages%2Fadam.aspx%3Fgencontentid%3D003869%26productid%3D1%26projectid%3D1 14/02/13 Respiratory system image http://www.medical-exam-essentials.com/respiratory-system-diagram.html 20/02/13 Central nervous system image http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.umm.edu/graphics/images/en/19588.jpgimgrefurl=http://www.umm.edu/imagepages/19588.htmh=320w=400sz=27tbnid=uaHe_Ze8E0PioM:tbnh=90tbnw=113prev=/search%3Fq%3Dcentral%2Bnervous%2Bsystem%26tbm%3Disch%26tbo%3Duzoom=1q=central+nervous+systemusg=__SOXGCJUKqZxnuqbAYKyXdeWzMjI=docid=0is3P-6lanlgyMhl=ensa=Xei=MOEkUdHjB-Sp0AX41YGgDwsqi=2ved=0CE8Q9QEwAwdur=588 20/02/13 Journal References Author Title of article Name of journal Volume and issue Year

The Impact of Music on the Mind, Body and Spirit Essay -- Exploratory

The Impact of Music on the Mind, Body and Spirit Music is fun. The very mention of the word seems to stir emotions that are exciting and interesting. The mind shifts to recall memories that have long passed, moments that could presently be experienced, or future events that will hold a place in one's heart and mind. In everything, there is sound. Where there is sound, there can be music. Where there is music, activities are taking place with implications affecting one's path in life. In an elementary schoolroom, kindergardeners are learning the ABC song to go home and sing to their parents. Later, these kids are learning to not step on their date's feet on a gym floor at their first school dance. Years later, a team is preparing with exhilarating sounds to clash with their rivals. As this class of students is graduating, they reminisce during their class song. These events will shape their lives with the things they have learned along the way. I am a music fan and a supporter of learning, and, with this project, I learned that both had a connection. As a report, this paper tells of the ways having music in one's life benefits mentally, physically, and emotionally. The power of music stimulates brain growth in the uterus and during the early years of childhood. Also, it positively affects emotional awareness and attitudes from before birth and onward. One can build a comprehension of the world by the provision of patterns given by music. The ability to crawl, walk, and run is developed with more ease. Additionally, the use of sound improves language arts, which vocabulary and expressiveness. "As an integral part of culture, past and present, it helps pupils understand themselves and relate to others, forging important links... ...thin You. Simon & Schuster, Inc. New York 1985 p.186 Leviton, Richard. Brain Builders! West Nyack, NY: Parker Publishing Company, Inc. MENC staff. "Music Education Facts and Figures." Music Education Facts and Figures. December27,2003.[online]Available:http://www.menc.org/information/advocate/facts.html Nqnet. "Welcome to Instep Online." Accelerated Learning-Music to Help You Learn. December 19, 2003.[online]Available:www.nqnet.com/accelerated_learning.html Ortiz, John M. Nurturing Your Child with Music. Hillsboro, OR: Beyond Words Publishing, Inc. Schoen, Max. The Psychology of Music. The Ronald Press Company. New York 1940 p.91 Vos, Jeannette. "Parenting for K-6 Children." Music for Education. December 27, 2003. [online] Available: childparenting.about.com Weinberger, Norman M. "The Music in Our Minds." Educational Leadership Nov. 1998:36-39

Are Religion And Science One? :: essays research papers

Is it possible that in our search for some basic reality, we humans may discover that although religion and science have always seemed to be in different places, the conclusion they will ultimately reach will be the same thing? What is God? Energy, Spirit, Universal Consciousness, Singular, Unilateral? According to David Hume, God is not different from the order that exists in the universe1. Training our thoughts along this line, one might doubt the commonly held view that Science and Religion are entirely different and exist at the opposite ends of a spectrum. Science is based on observation. Religion on the other hand makes arguments analytical in nature (like the Ontological Argument by Anslem) and requires some unquestioned faith. In spite of leading us through somewhat different paths, both try to find the basic stuff2. The goal thus in both cases is to determine the constituents of what form the reality. The routes though may not seem similar. In the essay, The Dynamic Universe, Fritjop Capra explores the philosophies on which various eastern religions like Hinduism, Taoism and Buddhism are based upon. He is of the view that the world is conceived in terms of movement, flow and change2. He then cites the examples of sub-atomic physics and the field of galaxies and heavenly bodies. Science studies them as units, which are in a state of constant motion. By doing this, he tries to class Science as well as Religion under the same heading, which is concerned with finding the basic reality. The next question that comes to the forefront then is what is the thing that we are after? What constitutes this reality that we all are in pursuit of? A scientist might call this as the order in the universe or the Energy, which is diffused in the world we live in. Religions like to call this ultimate reality as God. The order that the scientists describe implies a mind working behind it. This entity capable of setting an order in the universe is nothing but what religion defines as God. Science and Religion then appear to be tied up like two versions of the same notion. God, I feel, is the ultimate quest for which both these allegedly opposite views are after. His physical form is not visible to us. But his existence could be argued using aposteriori arguments based on the observation of what is around us.

Moving Away from Home Can Be Astessful Experience for Young People

Moving away from home can be a stressful experience for young people Nowadays, many young people don’t want to live with their parents because they think if they live along, they can do whatever they want. But maybe few months later, they will find some problems that they never know how to do before because their parents always do everything for them when they are at home. At that time, they will feel stressful. However, I think it’s a good way to teach them how to live by themselves, especially for teenagers. They can’t be dependent on their parents all of their life so they have to learn many things and do many things by themselves. Moving away from home not only can be a stressful experience for young people but can also be a good way to let them learn how to become independent. The other reason that young people will feel stressful when they move away from home is they don’t know many people in the new place or even they don’t know anyone there. When they have something they can’t solve, they don’t know they can ask who or who can help them. They will feel so lonely and upset in the beginning, especially for someone who has nothing is smooth. In conclusion, moving away from home is a stressful experience for young people but also it is a helpful experience to them because they can learn many things by this kind of experience.

There is not one word apt final

Shakespeare uses the antics of Oberon and Puck at the forefront of this comedy, using the â€Å"juice† to make everyone fall in love, however they err due to their arrogance as Oberon vaguely describes Demerits by â€Å"by the Athenian garments he hath on†. The iambic meter indicates these characters are powerful, yet their actions are unintelligent: the concept of incompetent leadership is a humorous stereotype, frequently used in dramatic comedy. Here, however, the joke is mocking power, or rather who we give power to, as Shakespeare portrays Oberon as using his power recklessly.The reason Oberon and Puck start squeezing the juice on the lovers is that the character overheard â€Å"A sweet Athenian girl† and a â€Å"disdainful youth†, and so, in the guise of trying to help them, he creates havoc. Boron's aid, however, is a facade: he only desires control; he knows that Demerits doesn't love Helena back, and so he interferes. This attitude reflects that o f the Queen's court: as Louis Monitors puts it, â€Å"Queen Elizabeth Xi's marital status and her sexual condition were matters of the state†, reflected when Oberon plans to put the juice on Titanic so that she â€Å"renders [her] page† to him.Oberon and Puck, therefore, are shown as metaphors for the male Elizabethan state where the men knew everything about the Queen and tried to control her in order to fulfill their interests: they tried to force her into getting married, and reproducing in order for the country to have an heir, just as Oberon tried to force Titanic to change her mind when she defies him saying â€Å"the fairy land buys not the child off me†.Ultimately, despite Titanic's rebellion, â€Å"she straight away gave† the changeling child to Oberon because he manipulates her with he juice, rendering her love an â€Å"ass†; this is comedic, especially when the character awakens and worries about being â€Å"enamored† to an  "assn. The fact that it was the â€Å"fairy queen† to whom this occurred is significant as this term was often a metaphorical reference to Queen Elizabeth in Renaissance literature.The juice is symbolic of ultimate patriarchal power; however, in reality there is no juice to make the Queen yield and produce an heir for the State. Shakespeare therefore is mocking State power as they can never obtain their desires because for once there was a ruler who resisted male authority. The state also is shown through Oberon and this reference to an â€Å"ass† may actually be a reference to Oberon- whom is the one who has acted truly the â€Å"ass† and has Titanic's love- and so the state itself.This male lust for power in seen, moreover, in the disorder at the start of the play in Shakespearean portrayal of the relationship between Hermit and Segues in regard to her choice of husband. Segues believes â€Å"this hath bewitched the bosom of my daughter†; Shakespeare re fers to Alexander here as â€Å"this†, dehumidifying the character and therefore highlighting the Segues has towards Alexander. Segues wants to â€Å"dispose† of his daughter â€Å"to her death† because she chooses someone other than who he wants: a seeming betrayal.Segues' parental constraint mirrors the expectations Elizabethan parents had for their children, leading to the 1 753 The Hardwired Act which invalidated any marriages of people under 21 or if parental/ guardian consent was not granted; 1 753 was after the play was written demonstrating the dangerous legacy patriarchal Elizabethan England left. Segues also does not refer to Hemi by name through this passage, instead only using pronouns such as her†, yet, the men are named twice in it.This highlights the misogyny as the men, unlike Women, are worthy of name- even Alexander who Was previously simply a ‘this†. The namelessness inflicted on Hermit reflects the fact that before the 1 7th century married females had no second enamel , emphasizing the fact that she was lower than men and just a possession of either her husband or father, as seen as Segues claims â€Å"[Hermit] is mine†. Moreover, the idea of a Helena, a love-struck teenager, following her love who has rejected her is funny, until Demerits threatens to â€Å"do thee mischief n the woods†.The imperative highlights how threatening this character is, and therefore- because Demerits represents a sort of â€Å"Everyman†- is symbolic of the threatening nature of man, a nature also seen in the forcefulness of Oberon. This scene takes place on the outskirts of the â€Å"green world† (the forest) and so in a limbo between reality, sensuality and disorder; we don't know what is possible here therefore making Demerits even more dangerous and thus amplifying the danger of his, and every man's, authority in this world, as we can see by Boron's greater power. This scene betweenDemerits a nd Helena also emphasizes inequality; he threatens this terrible act because a female character is stalking him for love, while he does the same to another. This is ironic and paradoxical, making us question the attitudes Demerits represents; it would appear that it is fine for a bold man to stalk someone because they are- as Dorothy Leigh says- â€Å"amongst the wise†, while when a woman is strong other women ‘Will blush at [their] boldness†2. The motif of rape appears symbolically when Oberon plans to manipulate Demerits, Alexander and Titanic â€Å"when [they are] asleep†: at the eight vulnerability and exposure.Oberon attacks them with the juice, thus taking away their will and dignity, in its place leaving distress- as a rape would do. In this case, Boron's metaphorical actions are tearing apart the â€Å"double cherry† of Hermit and Helena, striping their symbolic sisterhood to a â€Å"union in partition†. However, this violent authority was not uncommon in the 17th century, and neither was it a crime that was prosecuted. It was a popular attitude that women were objects of beauty and obedience, as shown in Dry Faustus.Faustus just wants a â€Å"where† wife, or an illusion of Helen of Troy, neither of whom had free will, and although these two plays are of opposite genres, the aggression towards women is seen in both. This shows how it is not only the genre of dramatic comedy, but renaissance theatre in general which holds a mirror to the darker issues of the day. Misogyny is further seen at the start of the play where Theses claims to have â€Å"won thy heart doing [Happily] injury', the connotations here of violence reflect the patriarchal period of the play.This is emphasizes because Theses took Happily from a injunction matriarchal Amazonian culture to one where she is objectified as nothing more than a prize (coven thy†¦ â€Å") – implying that this â€Å"love† between them is not w hat it appeared to be, but is actually another example of male control. As Alison Plowmen explains, â€Å"nobody had any objections to love as long as the price was right†; Theses will gain status and the potential for an heir. Contrastingly, Happily loses her independence and Persephone, thus foregrounding the both the literal and symbolic battle of the sexes throughout the play due to the male coercion.

Swot Analysis for Coke

Strengths Weaknesses/Limitations, Opportunities, and  Threats involved in the business Coca Cola SWOT ANALYSIS The Coca-Cola Company (Coca-Cola) is a leading  manufacturer, distributor and marketer of  Non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups, in the world. Coca-Cola has a strong brandname and brand  portfolio. Business-Week and Interbrand, a branding consultancy, recognizeCoca-Cola as one of the leading brands in their top 100  global brands ranking in 2006. TheBusiness Week-Interbred valued Coca-Cola at $67,000 million in 2006.Coca-Cola ranks wellahead of its close competitor Pepsi which has a ranking of 22  having a brand value of $12,690million The Company’s strong brand value facilitates customer recall and allows  Coca-Cola topenetrate markets. However, the company  is threatened by intense competition which could  havean adverse impact on the company’s market share. Strengths Weaknesses World’s leading brand Large scale of operation s Robust revenue growth in three segment Negative publicity Sluggish performance in  North America Decline in cash from operating  activities Opportunities ThreatsAcquisitions Intense competition Growing bottled water market Growing Hispanic population in USIntense competition. Dependence on bottling partners Sluggish growth of carbonated beverages Strengths World’s leading brand Coca-Cola has strong brand recognition across the globe. The company has a leading brand value and a  strong brand portfolio. Business-Week and Interbrand, a branding  consultancy, recognize. Coca-Cola as one of the leading brands in their top 100  global brands ranking in2006. The Business Week-Interbrand valued Coca-Cola at $67,000 million in 2006.Coca-Colaranks well ahead of its close competitor Pepsi which has a ranking of 22  having a brand value of  $12,690 million Furthermore, Coca-Cola owns a large portfolio of  product brands. The company owns four of the top five soft drink brands in the  world: Coca-Cola, Diet Coke, Sprite and Fanta. Strong brands allow the company  to introduce brand extensions such  as Vanilla Coke, CherryCoke and Coke with Lemon. Over the years, the company has  made large investments in brand promotions. Consequently, Coca-cola is one  of the best recognized  global brands.The company’s strong brand value facilitates customer recall and  allows Coca-Cola to penetrate new markets and consolidate existing ones. Strengths World’s leading brand Coca-Cola has strong brand recognition across the globe. The company has a leading brandvalue and a  strong brand portfolio. Business-Week and Interbrand, a branding  consultancy,recognize. Coca-Cola as one of the leading brands in their top 100  global brands ranking in2006. The Business Week-Interbrand valued Coca-Cola at $67,000 million in 2006.Coca-Colaranks well ahead of its close competitor Pepsi which has a ranking of 22  having a brand value of  $12 ,690 million Furthermore, Coca-Cola owns a large portfolio of  product brands. The companyowns four of the top five soft drink brands in the  world: Coca-Cola, Diet Coke, Sprite and Fanta. Strong brands allow the company  to introduce brand extensions such  as Vanilla Coke, CherryCoke and Coke with Lemon. Over the years, the company has  made large investments in brandpromotions. Consequently, Coca-cola is one  of the best recognized  global brands.Thecompany’s strong brand value facilitates customer recall and  allows Coca-Cola to penetrate newmarkets and consolidate existing ones. Coca-Cola Company, The SWOT Analysis Large scale of  operations With revenues in excess of $24 billion Coca-Cola has a large scale of  operation. Coca-Cola is the largest manufacturer, distributor and marketer of  nonalcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups in the world. Coco-Cola is selling trademarked beverage products since the year 1886 in the US. The company currently sells its products in more than 200 countries.Of the approximately 52billion  beverage  servings  of  all  types  consumed  worldwide  every  day,  beverages  bearingtrademarks owned by or licensed to Coca-Cola account for more than 1. 4 billion. The company’s operations are supported by  a strong infrastructure across the world. Coca-Cola owns and  operates  32  principal beverage concentrates  and/or  syrup manufacturing plantslocatedthroughout the world. In addition, it owns or has interest in 37 operations with 95 principalbeverage bottling and  canning  plants  located outside the  US.The  company  also owns bottledwater  production  and  still  beverage  facilities  as  well  as  a  facility  that  manufactures  juiceconcentrates. The  company’s large  scale  of operation allows it  to  feed upcoming  markets withrelative ease and enhances  its revenue generation capacity. Robus t revenue growth in three segments Coca-cola’s revenues recorded a double digit  growth, in three operating segments. These threesegments are Latin America, ‘East, South Asia, and  Pacific Rim’ and Bottling investments. Revenues from Latin America grew by 20. % during fiscal 2006,  over 2005. During the  sameperiod, revenues from ‘East, South Asia, and Pacific Rim’ grew by 10. 6% while revenues from  thebottling investments segment by  19. 9%. Together, the  three segments of  Latin America, ‘East,South Asia, and Pacific Rim’ and bottling investments, accounted for 34. 8% of total revenuesduring fiscal 2006. Robust revenues growth rates in these segments  contributed to top-linegrowth for Coca-Cola during 2006. Weaknesses Negative  publicity The company  received negative publicity  in  India  during  September 2006.The  company  wasaccused  by  the  Center  for  Science  and  Environment  (CSE)  of  selling  products  containingpesticide residues. Coca-Cola products sold in and around the Indian national capital regioncontained  a  hazardous  pesticide  residue. These  pesticides included chemicals which  couldcause cancers, damage the nervous  and reproductive systems and reduce bone  mineral density. Such negative publicity could adversely impact the company’s brand image and the demand for  Coca-Cola products. This could also have an  adverse impact on the company’s growth prospectsin the international markets.Sluggish performance in North America Coca-Cola’s performance in North America was far from robust. North America is Coca-Cola’score market generating  about 30%  of total  revenues during  fiscal  2006. Therefore, a  strongperformance in North America is important for the company. Coca-Cola Company, The SWOT AnalysisIn North America the sale of unit cases did not record any growth. Unit c ase retail volume inNorth America decreased 1% primarily due to weak sparkling beverage trends in the second half  of  2006 and  decline  in the  warehouse-delivered water and  juice  businesses.Moreover,  thecompany also expects performance in  North America to be  weak during 2007. Sluggish performance in North America could impact the company’s future growth prospects andprevent Coca-Cola from recording a more  robust top-line growth. Decline in cash from  operating activities The company’s cash flow from operating activities declined during fiscal 2006. Cash flows fromoperating activities decreased 7% in 2006 compared to 2005. Net cash provided by  operatingactivities reached $5,957 million in 2006, from $6,423 million in 2005.Coca-Cola’s cash flowsfrom operating activities in 2006 also decreased compared with 2005 as a result of a contributionof  approximately $216  million to  a  tax-qualified trust  to  fund retiree m edical benefits. Thedecrease was also the result of certain marketing accruals recorded in 2005. Decline in cash from operating  activities reduces availability of funds for the company’s investingand financing activities, which, in turn, increases the  company’s exposure to debt markets andfluctuating interest rates. Opportunities AcquisitionsFor the last one year, Coca-Cola has been aggressively adopting the inorganic growth path. During  2006,  its  acquisitions  included  Kerry  Beverages,  (KBL),  which  was  subsequently,reappointed Coca-Cola China Industries (CCCIL). Coca-Cola acquired a controlling shareholdingin KBL, its bottling joint venture with the Kerry Group, in Hong Kong. The acquisition extendedCoca-Cola’s control over manufacturing and distribution joint ventures in nine Chinese provinces. In Germany the company acquired Apollinaris which sells sparkling and still mineral water inGermany.Coca-Cola has also acquired a 100 % interest in TJC Holdings, a bottling company inSouth Africa. Coca-Cola also made acquisitions in Australia and New Zealand during 2006. These acquisitions strengthened Coca-Cola’s international operations. These also give Coca-Cola an opportunity for growth, through new product launch or greater penetration of existingmarkets. Stronger  international  operations  increase  the  company’s  capacity  to  penetrate  internationalmarkets and also gives it an opportunity to diversity its revenue stream.Coca-Cola Company, The SWOT Analysis Growing bottled water market Bottled water is one of the fastest-growing segments in the world’s food and beverage marketowing to increasing health concerns. The market for bottled water in the US generated revenuesof about $15. 6 billion in 2006. Market consumption volumes were estimated to be 30 billion litersin 2006. The market's consumption volume is expected to rise to 38. 6 billion units by the end of  20 10. This represents a CAGR of 6. 9% during 2005-2010.In terms of value, the bottled water  market is forecast to reach $19. 3 billion by the end of 2010. In the bottled water market, therevenue  of  flavored  water  (water-based, slightly sweetened  refreshment  drink)  segment  isgrowing by about  $10 billion annually. The company’s Dasani brand water is  the third best-sellingbottled water in the US. Coca-Cola could leverage its strong position in the bottled water segment to take advantage of  growing demand for  flavored water. Growing Hispanic population in US

Biology What Are Your Career Goals and How Do Your Immediate Educational Plans Fit Into Them Essay

Biomedical Science Biomedical Science is the application of biology – based science for medical use. It will allow you to learn the human body at the whole body, organ, tissue, cell and sub cellular level. You will also learn how these systems can go wrong in various diseases and how accurate diagnosis can be made using a variety of laboratory tests. Biomedical Science is a continually changing, dynamic profession with long-term career prospect including research, management and education. Biomedical Scientist Biomedical Scientist learns scientific and personal skills and gain qualification that can be transferred all over the world and can be recognised globally. BTEC HND Biomedical Science graduates may apply for the associate membership of the Institute of Biomedical Science in the UK after obtaining 5 years of relevant work experience. Careers Hospital laboratory biomedical scientist Industrial laboratory bio-scientist Bio-science research Medicine or Dentistry (after acceptance in medical school and further training) Science teaching Transfer Opportunities Students, who successfully complete HND in Biomedical Science, can transfer to Northumbria University Biomedical Science Degree which is accredited by the Institute for Biomedical Sciences (IBMS). It provides the education and training required to become a Registered Biomedical Scientist. awarded by BTEC Higher National Diploma (HND) BTEC HND in Biomedical Science is a 16 unit higher level qualification which is awarded by Edexcel UK. Programme Structure Unit 01 Unit 02 Unit 03 Unit 04 Unit 05 Unit 06 Unit 07 Unit 08 Cell Biology Biochemistry Human Physiology Laboratory Techniques Medical Microbiology Project Analysis of Scientific Information and Data Quality Assurance & Quality Control Unit 09 Unit 10 Unit 11 Unit 12 Unit 13 Unit 14 Unit 15 Unit 16 Histology and Haematology†¦ [continues]

Business and Economics (Matewan)

Matewan is a story which focuses around the violent labor disputes which occurred in the West Virginia coal fields in 1920. During these days, there was no benefits and job security for workers as the Stone Mountain Coal Company displays. Due to the efforts by the workers of the coal fields to form a union, the Stone Mountain Coal Company publicized to their workers that those who were in unions were to be replaced and pay cuts would be rationed out. Outrage ensued between the workers and the new African American workers that were being brought in.However, Joe Kenehan, who worked for the United Mine Workers, decided that if the replacement workers joined the union, the company had to accept it as they wouldn’t have workers. In order to stop the idea of a labor union, the coal company sent C. E. Lively to investigate the workers undercover. Lively then brings in two armed agents from the Baldwin-Felt Detective Agency handle the work he cannot as he is undercover. This entire si tuation escalates into a violent shootout and reinforcement agents from Baldwin-Felts came to evict workers who were part of a labor union.A total of nine people were killed during the shootout where workers just wanted to have basic rights. Apparent ethical issues are portrayed throughout the movie. In today’s society, labor unions are prominent and respected. Undercover agents are not being sent in order to destroy the unions which are protecting rights of workers. Corporations back in 1920 did not want to deal with the cost of fair pay and protecting their workers. Until OSHA was enacted, most companies sought to find the cheapest form of labor.Also, the event of a shootout due to workers wanting their jobs to be secure is unexplainable. Money and power corrupts the minds of humans and fallouts such as the one which occurred in West Virginia between coal field workers and the Stone Mountain Coal Company. As stated in lecture nine, America is a materialistic country. Most o f the citizens overlook the value in everyday things others may long for their entire lives but attain it. The advancement of technology, and the accessibility of nearly any luxuries, has caused degeneration in the virtues of American’s minds.Overlooking the necessities to sustain a basic life, the people of the nation look towards the excess. One can easily live without the newest tablet device, yet they shall still buy it. The worst part of that is how that same person with the tablet may also be getting their ends meet by using food stamps. Americans have embedded their mindsets in the goal of obtaining materialistic items to keep themselves content, all the while forgetting the values humans have been contempt with for centuries.

Statement for application to university Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Statement for application to university - Essay Example I could not especially imagine leaving all of my friends and relationships with professors behind. However, I arrived at Illinois Institute of Technology(IIT) which was ranked as one if the top ten overall best Colleges among the United States National University. Being a private university, Illinois Institute of Technology provide a wide variety of science courses. This includes; engineering degree programs, architecture, food process engineering, telecommunication and software engineering. Following discussion with our dean professor, I realized that Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) would be the best college to prepare me for my civil engineering career. I believe that in Illinois Institute of Technology, I will be able to gain first-hand experience through their internships andcampus academic launches and events. I discovered that each year, the campus organizes a launch in which students can showcase their homemade devices as they catapult their invention along the streets of Chicago. In addition, the school provides a technological curriculum where students get distinctive and relevant education in a scientific and technological environment where professional knowledge creation and innovation is advocated and emphasized. In addition, the university has launched a system where students can experience interprofessional projects programs like last year, one of the college’s student launched a perfect power system which basically tried to eliminate costly outages, power disturbances that were power related and alternatively control greenhouse gas secretion. Learning in IIT will make me a graduate not only on a viable job prospect, but also as a well-rounded and learned adult who can make diverse and valuable contributions to my community. Illinois Iinstitute of Technology would be the learning institution for

Public goods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Public goods - Essay Example The democrats who urge the government to ensure that there is equality in education for the benefit of the future economy support this strategy (Kaul, 1999, p.23). The provision of education as a public good has resulted to the increment of taxes, since the government has to increase taxes to earn more revenue that finances the public schools. The increment in taxes as the government tries to provide more resources in the education sector is criticized since the quality of education available is depreciating annually. The critics argue that education is a social good or a quasi-public good thus it is not the sole responsibility of the government to provide it (Kaul, 2003, p.17). This essay tries to identify the best way to offer education. It reflects on the negative constriction of offering education as a public good while giving other positive ways of ensuring quality education, lower expenditures or taxes and higher revenue to the government. The major negative effect of education as a public good is that the government expenditure increases and taxes increases since the government uses public finance to either offer strict free education as is the case in U.S. elementary and high school education or when it offers subsidiaries or vouchers to finance education (Kaul, 2003, p.56). This affects all the citizens as huge sums of public finance are allocated for education in the expenses of other important issues that are more important to the society for instance health sector may receive inadequate funds (United States Congressional Serial Set, 2011). The essence that education is not a pure public good proves that consumption of education would not decline even when offered as a private good since the parents know the importance of education and would work harder to ensure their kids achieve education from private schools. The essence of education as a public good faces the same problems as other public good in the sense